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Simulation and training materials
Pressures and ?ow-rates
The rate of ?ow Q through a pipe or valve
is given by the e following formula:
Q = K v √ ( ? p/ γ )
where:
Q = ?ow rate (L/min)
? p = pressure drop (bar)
γ = density of liquid (kg/dm 3 )
K v = ?ow factor for the valve
For water: γ = 1 kg/dm 3
Pressures
1 bar = 1.02 kg/cm 2 = 0.98 atm = 10 5 Pa = 100 kPa
= 14.51 psi
1 psi = 0.0689 bar = 0.0703 kg/cm 2
Flow rates
K v in L/min/ ? p = 1 bar
C v in gpm/ ? p
= 1 psi
1 K v = 14.28 C v
1 C v = 0.07 K v
kV
Flow rate curves
Diameter of orifice (mm)
Table of correlations between
the various ?ow coef?cients
12
?5
S
kv
Kv
Cv
f
11
Supply pressure:
10
4 bar
S
1
0.794
0.048
0.055
0.046
9
?4
8
kv
1.259
1
0.06
0.07
0.058
7
6
Kv
20.98
16.67
1
1.166
1.035
5 ?3
4
3
Supply pressure:
6 bar
Cv
18
14.3
0.858
1
0.829
2
?2
1
f
21.7
17.24
0.967
1.206
1
0,5 ?1
Flow rate
0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 (NL/mn)
Factor kv:
kv = 1 when 1 litre of water per minute ?ows through a valve and causes a loss
of pressure of 1 bar
Factor Kv:
Factor Cv:
Factor f:
same de?nition as for factor kv, but the ?ow rate is measured in m 3 per second
same de?nition as for factor kv, but the ?ow rate is measured in US gallons at
60°F and the loss of pressure is 1 psi
same de?nition as factor Cv, but the ?ow rate is measured in Imperial gallons
Equivalent cross-section S corresponds to a theoretical port (whose cross-section is expressed
in mm 2 ), located in a pipe and giving rise to the same restriction as the valve in question.
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